Contents
1. Note Values 2. Bars and Time Signatures 3. Pitch Names 4. Staves and Clefs 5. Staff Notation 6. Ledger Lines 7. Sharps, Flats, and Naturals 8. Semitones, Whole Tones, and the C Major Scale 9. G Major, D Major, and F Major Scales 10. Rests 11. Ties and Dots 12. Tonality and Key Signatures 13. Accidentals 14. Scale Degrees 15. Tonic Chords 16. Intervals 17. Beaming Notes within a Bar 18. Performance Directions
ABRSM Grade 1 Knowledge Points
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When a note is placed below the middle line, the stem must point upward and be drawn on the right side of the note; when a note is placed above the middle line, the stem must point downward and be drawn on the left side of the note.
Figure 7: Illustration
Please note in particular that even when the stem points downward, the tail (flag) still points to the right. When a note is placed on the middle line, the stem may point either upward or downward.
We write the time signature at the beginning of the stave, after the clef. The clef reappears at the start of every new line of the stave, but the time signature does not.
Barlines extend from top to bottom across each line of the stave:
Figure 8: Illustration
Generally, a final barline appears at the end of every piece:
Figure 9: Illustration
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